KUMJ | VOL. 24 | NO. 1 | ISSUE 94 | JANUARY - MARCH, 2026

Demographic Profile, Clinical Pattern of Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus in Dhulikhel Hospital: Our Experience
Makaju Shrestha R, Shrestha P, Keshari R, Shrestha E

Abstract:
Background Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus (HZO) results from the reactivation of the latent varicella zoster virus within the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. It leads to various ocular manifestations that can result into serious visual complications. Objective To assess the presentation, ocular complications, and predisposing factors of Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus through comprehensive clinical and slit-lamp examinations. Method This hospital-based cross-sectional study included all consecutive, clinically diagnosed with Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus in Department of Ophthalmology. A detailed history including comorbidities, ocular findings, and laboratory investigations was recorded. Assessments included visual acuity, ocular motility, slit-lamp examination, corneal sensation, intraocular pressure, and Hutchinson’s sign were evaluated. Result Among 24 patients, the mean age was 59.67 ± 14.79 years. The 51–60-year age group was most affected (25%). Major risk factors were age > 50 years (70.83%) and diabetes mellitus (62.5%). Delayed presentation (> 72 hours) occurred in 62.5%. Visual acuity of 6/6–6/18 was seen in 66.7%. Common findings included eyelid involvement (41.7%), corneal involvement (SPK 41.67%, dendrites 25%). Conclusion Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus presents with an extensive range of clinical findings, and late presentation and/or late initiation of treatment can lead to severe complications. Thus, prompt diagnosis and timely management are crucial to minimizing ocular morbidity thereby preserving vision.
Keyword : Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus (HZO), Hutchinson sign, Ocular manifestation