KUMJ | VOL. 11 | NO. 4 | ISSUE 44 | OCT-DEC, 2013
Urinary Bladder Carcinoma: Impact of Smoking, Age and its Clinico-Pathological Spectrum
Joshi HN, Makaju R, Karmacharya A, Karmacharya RM, Shrestha B, Shrestha R, de Jong IJ, Shrestha RKM
Abstract: Background
Urinary bladder carcinoma is common urological malignancy. Although
epidemiological evidence favors role of occupational exposure to chemical
carcinogen as the aetiological factor of bladder carcinoma, many cases arise with
no obvious occupational exposure to chemical carcinogen. Tobacco and cigarette
smoking is common in both rural and urban areas of Nepal.
Objective
The objective of this study was to determine the impact of smoking and age in
urinary bladder carcinoma with related clinicopathological correlations.
Method
A total of 56 (44 males and 12 females) cases of urinary bladder cancer treated
at Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Teaching Hospital during time period
of January 2004 to December 2013 were included in the study. Data of patients
with Urinary bladder cancer were obtained from hospital records and evaluated
for age, sex, history of smoking, clinical presentations, cystoscopic findings and
histopathological characteristics.
Results
Out of 56 cases, 51 (91.1%) of the patients had hematuria. History of smoking was
found in 44 patients. Smoking was found much higher in males (88%) than females
(41.66%). Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) was the most common histological
variety, which was seen in 51 (91.07%) patients. The significant impact of smoking
was found in terms of grade of TCC.
Conclusion
The incidence of bladder carcinoma is higher in male and TCC is the most common
variety of Urinary bladder malignancy. History of smoking correlated with grade.
Keyword : Bladder cancer, bladder carcinoma, smoking, transitional cell carcinoma
