KUMJ | VOL. 19 | NO. 3 | ISSUE 75 | JULY - SEPT. 2021
Etiology, Pattern, Treatment and Outcome of Maxillofacial Fractures at Dhulikhel Hospital
Chaurasia NK, Upadhyaya C, Dulal S
Abstract: Background
Maxillo-Facial region is one of the prominent parts of human body and is more
vulnerable to injury when any form of trauma is encountered. Injury to this region
can result in fractures and pattern of fractures often depends upon the mechanism
of injury as well as direction of impact.
Objective
To determine the etiology, pattern, treatment, and outcome of maxillofacial fractures
presenting to Dhulikhel hospital.
Method
The records of all the patients with maxillofacial injuries presenting to the department
of oral and maxillofacial surgery of dhulikhel hospital between period of December
2012 to November 2019 were included in the study. The data regarding age, sex and
etiology were recorded. The etiologies were classified as Motor vehicle accidents
(MVA), interpersonal violence, fall injuries, sports related injuries, occupational
hazards, gunshot injuries and animal attacks and others. Similarly, the pattern of
fractures was recorded according to classification by anatomical site. The types of
treatment performed was also recorded. Treatment outcome in the form of any postoperative
complications
were
recorded.
Result
Out of 1366 patients with maxillofacial injuries, 378(27.7%) patients had fracture
of maxillofacial region. The most common etiology was motor vehicle accidents
(53.7%) followed by fall injury (31.2%). Zygomatico-maxillary complex was the most
common type of fracture (27.9%). Open reduction and internal fixation were the
most common form of treatment provided (85.4%) and post-operative complications
were minimal (5.0%).
Conclusion
Motor vehicle accidents still remain the most common cause of maxillofacial
fractures. Midface fractures are more common than mandible fracture. The present
study provides an insight into changing etiology and pattern of maxillofacial fractures
and open reduction and internal fixation remains the most favored treatment of
maxillofacial fractures with minimum complications.
Keyword : Maxillofacial trauma, Maxillofacial fractures, Motor vehicle accidents, Treatment outcome
