Objectives: The main objective of this study was to assess antral brush cytology as an alternate approach for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection as compared to histopathology.

Methods: 75 cases with diagnosis of antral gastritis underwent endoscopic antral biopsy as well as antral brushing cytology was included irrespective of age and sex. Cytological slides were stained with Giemsa stain & biopsy slides were stained with H&E and Giemsa stain. Correlation was done between cytological smear slides and biopsy slides.

Results: Among 75 cases, H. pylori were positive in 55 (73.4%) cases of biopsy specimens while in brush cytology it was positive in 48 (64%) cases. In 45 (60%) of 75 cases, H. pylori was seen in both biopsy and brush cytology.

Conclusion: Endoscopic brush cytology provides an accurate, inexpensive and easy technique in the rapid detection of H.pylori infection.